POL · PL · United Nations WPP 2024 · 2026
Poland
Poland had a population of 37,843,188 people in 2026, ranking 42 of 237 countries and areas. Explore its age pyramid, trends and demographic indicators.
Source: United Nations World Population Prospects 2024, medium variant.
- Total population
- 37,843,188 people 2026 · Projection
- Rank
- #42/ 237 Europe #8 / 50
- Share of world population
- 0.46% 2026
- Density
- 123.6 people/km² 2026
- Median age
- 43.0 years
- Life expectancy
- 79.15 years
Country or area overview
Poland is in Europe. In 2026, its population was 37,843,188 people, about 0.46% of the world total. It ranks #42 of 237 countries and areas worldwide. The population was 24,780,161 people in 1950 and is projected to reach 19,329,839 people in 2100. The annual population growth rate in 2026 is -0.38%. The median age is 43.0. 14.1% of the population is under 15 and 21.3% is 65 or older. Life expectancy is 79.15 and the total fertility rate is 1.31. Within Europe, it ranks #8 of 50 by population and #21 of 50 by population density. Data note This page uses the UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium variant. Data for 1950–2023 are estimates; 2024 onward, including 2026, are projections. Values for 2100 are long-range projections.
Poland map
Country outline and its location in the world.
World location
Boundaries: Natural Earth 1:50m.
Population history and projection
Population from 1950 to 2100. The dashed section shows the UN medium-variant projection from 2024 onward.
Age group · 2026
Population age pyramid
Male and female population by five-year age group. Move the year slider to compare 1950, today and the 2100 projection.
Age-group data
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 773,075 | 728,533 | 1,501,608 | 3.97% |
| 5–9 | 957,703 | 905,611 | 1,863,314 | 4.92% |
| 10–14 | 1,016,721 | 964,371 | 1,981,092 | 5.24% |
| 15–19 | 1,066,037 | 1,013,428 | 2,079,465 | 5.49% |
| 20–24 | 892,240 | 850,745 | 1,742,985 | 4.61% |
| 25–29 | 977,719 | 938,311 | 1,916,030 | 5.06% |
| 30–34 | 1,217,214 | 1,165,408 | 2,382,622 | 6.30% |
| 35–39 | 1,444,531 | 1,395,239 | 2,839,770 | 7.50% |
| 40–44 | 1,643,777 | 1,599,842 | 3,243,619 | 8.57% |
| 45–49 | 1,563,013 | 1,539,906 | 3,102,919 | 8.20% |
| 50–54 | 1,352,966 | 1,358,742 | 2,711,708 | 7.17% |
| 55–59 | 1,098,215 | 1,140,816 | 2,239,031 | 5.92% |
| 60–64 | 1,046,752 | 1,145,341 | 2,192,093 | 5.79% |
| 65–69 | 1,104,966 | 1,324,232 | 2,429,198 | 6.42% |
| 70–74 | 964,854 | 1,292,546 | 2,257,400 | 5.97% |
| 75–79 | 659,361 | 1,002,779 | 1,662,140 | 4.39% |
| 80–84 | 291,943 | 530,753 | 822,696 | 2.17% |
| 85–89 | 167,165 | 381,633 | 548,798 | 1.45% |
| 90–94 | 67,210 | 188,251 | 255,461 | 0.68% |
| 95–99 | 14,166 | 48,693 | 62,859 | 0.17% |
| 100+ | 1,421 | 6,960 | 8,381 | 0.02% |
Demographic indicators
UN WPP 2024 indicators for 2026.
| Indicator | 2026 | Projection for 2100 | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | 37,843,188 people | 19,329,839 people | people |
| Male population | 18,321,051 people | 9,543,894 people | people |
| Female population | 19,522,138 people | 9,785,945 people | people |
| Population density | 123.6 people/km² | 63.1 people/km² | people/km² |
| Sex ratio | 93.8 | 97.5 | males per 100 females |
| Median age | 43.0 | 55.3 | years |
| Natural change | -135,961 | -200,079 | people |
| Natural change rate | -3.59 ‰ | -10.35 ‰ | ‰ |
| Population change | -143,933 | -201,153 | people |
| Population growth rate | -0.38% | -1.04% | % |
| Population doubling time | — | — | years |
| Births | 283,495 people | 123,614 people | people |
| Births to women aged 15–19 | 5,428 | 723 | people |
| Birth rate | 7.49 ‰ | 6.40 ‰ | ‰ |
| Total fertility rate | 1.31 | 1.49 | children per woman |
| Net reproduction rate | 0.632 | 0.722 | |
| Mean age at childbearing | 30.12 | 31.62 | years |
| Sex ratio at birth | 106.1 | 106.3 | males per 100 females |
| Deaths | 419,456 people | 323,693 people | people |
| Male deaths | 213,968 | 162,064 | people |
| Female deaths | 205,487 | 161,629 | people |
| Death rate | 11.08 ‰ | 16.75 ‰ | ‰ |
| Life expectancy at birth | 79.15 | 89.00 | years |
| Male life expectancy at birth | 75.53 | 86.78 | years |
| Female life expectancy at birth | 82.74 | 91.32 | years |
| Life expectancy at age 15 | 64.50 | 74.09 | years |
| Life expectancy at age 65 | 18.99 | 25.85 | years |
| Life expectancy at age 80 | 9.04 | 13.12 | years |
| Infant deaths | 881 | 80 | people |
| Infant mortality rate | 3.10 ‰ | 0.65 ‰ | ‰ |
| Survivors to age 1 | 282,743 | 123,546 | people |
| Deaths under age 5 | 1,033 | 94 | people |
| Under-5 mortality rate | 3.60 ‰ | 0.76 ‰ | ‰ |
| Net migration | -7,971 | -1,073 | people |
| Net migration rate | -0.21 ‰ | -0.06 ‰ | ‰ |
Frequently asked questions
- What is the population of Poland?
- In 2026, Poland had a population of 37,843,188 people. It ranks #42 of 237 countries and areas worldwide.
- How has the population of Poland changed?
- The population was 24,780,161 people in 1950 and is projected to reach 19,329,839 people in 2100.
- What is the age structure of Poland?
- The median age is 43.0. 14.1% of the population is under 15 and 21.3% is 65 or older.
- How does Poland compare within Europe?
- By total population, Poland ranks #8 of 50 in Europe and #42 of 237 worldwide.
Estimates cover 1950–2023; 2024 and later are UN medium-variant projections. Rankings use the latest available value for the selected year. The world total is the sum of all countries and areas in the dataset.