Henan Province, referred to as "Yu", is a provincial-level administrative region of the People's Republic of China, with Zhengzhou as its capital city. It is a major agricultural production area in China, as well as an important province for mineral resources, population, and transportation. Henan is also a major hub for transportation, logistics, and information flow, and is a leading province in agricultural production and grain processing. Henan is located in the central and eastern regions of China, on the upper and lower reaches of the Yellow River. It borders Anhui and Shandong to the east, Hebei and Shanxi to the north, Shaanxi to the west, and Hubei to the south, with a total area of 167,000 square kilometers.
The terrain of Henan Province is mainly characterized by a north-south direction and an east-west connection, with the west part higher and the east part lower. It is composed of plains and basins, mountains, hills, and water surfaces. The province spans four major river basins: the Haihe River, the Yellow River, the Huaihe River, and the Yangtze River. Most of Henan is located in the warm temperate zone, with the southern part crossing into the subtropical zone. It belongs to the transition zone from the northern subtropical climate to the warm temperate continental monsoon climate. Henan is located at the junction of the coastal open areas and the central and western regions, making it an intermediate zone for China's economy to develop in a gradient from east to west.
As of March 2023, Henan Province has jurisdiction over 17 prefecture-level cities, 21 county-level cities (including 1 province-administered county-level city), 82 counties, and 54 districts, with a total of 1,791 towns and 662 sub-district offices.
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