Shandong Province, referred to as "Lu", is also known as "Qilu". It is a provincial-level administrative region of the People's Republic of China, with Jinan as its capital city. It is located in the coastal area of East China, bordering the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. It spans the latitudes of 34°22.9′—38°24.01′ and longitudes of 114°47.5′—122°42.3′. It borders Hebei, Henan, Anhui, and Jiangsu provinces from north to south. As of 2022, Shandong Province administers 16 prefecture-level cities, with a total of 58 districts, 26 county-level cities, 52 counties, 664 sub-districts, 1092 towns, and 68 towns.
Shandong Province is one of the most economically developed and strongest provinces in China, and also one of the provinces with the fastest development. Since 2007, its total economic output has always ranked third in China.
There are five major religions in Shandong Province, including Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism, and Protestantism. Buddhism and Taoism have a history of more than a thousand years in Shandong, while Islam mainly developed after the arrival of the Hui Muslim community in the 13th century. Catholicism and Protestantism spread rapidly after the Opium War.
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